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General Architecture
Base transceiver station Antenna in Paris
A mobile BTS
A BTS mounted on a building
A BTS in general has the following units:
Transceiver (TRX)
Quite widely referred to as the driver receiver (DRX). Basically does transmission and reception of signals. Also does sending and reception of signals to/from higher network entities (like the base station controller in mobile telephony)
Power amplifier (PA)
Amplifies the signal from DRX for transmission through antenna; may be integrated with DRX.
Combiner
Combines feeds from several DRXs so that they could be sent out through a single antenna. Allows for a reduction in the number of antenna used.
Duplexer
For separating sending and receiving signals to/from antenna. Does sending and receiving signals through the same antenna ports (cables to antenna).
Antenna
This is also considered a part of the BTS.
Alarm extension system
Collects working status alarms of various units in the BTS and extends them to operations and maintenance (O&M) monitoring stations.
Control function
Control and manages the various units of BTS including any software. On-the-spot configurations, status changes, software upgrades, etc. are done through the control function.
Baseband receiver unit (BBxx)
Frequency hopping, signal DSP, etc.
in Mobile Communication
A GSM network is made up of three subsystems:
The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) comprising an MSC and associated registers.
The Base Station subsystem (BSS) comprising a BSC and several BTSes
The Operations support system (OSS) - for maintenance of the network.
Though the term BTS can be applicable to any of the wireless communication standards [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it is generally and commonly associated with mobile communication technologies like GSM and CDMA. In this regard, a BTS forms part of the base station subsystem (BSS) developments for system management. It may also have equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications, spectrum filtering tools (band pass filters) etc. antennas may also be considered as components of BTS in general sense as they facilitate the functioning of BTS. Typically a BTS will have several transceivers (TRXs) which allow it to serve several different frequencies and different sectors of the cell (in the case of sectorised base stations). A BTS is controlled by a parent base station controller via the base station control function (BCF). The BCF is implemented as a discrete unit or even incorporated in a TRX in compact base stations. The BCF provides an operations and maintenance (O&M) connection to the network management system (NMS) [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and manages operational states of each TRX, as well as software handling and alarm collection. The basic structure and functions of the BTS remains the same regardless of the wireless technologies.

Important terms regarding a mobile BTS
BTS camouflage
Diversity techniques
To improve the quality of the received signal, often two receiving antennas are used, placed at an equal distance to an uneven multiple of a quarter of wavelength (for 900 MHz the wavelength it is 30 cm). This technique, known as antenna diversity or space diversity [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], avoids interruption caused by path fading. The antennas can be spaced horizontally or vertically. Horizontal spacing requires more complex installation, but better performance is obtained in this configuration.
Other than antenna or space diversity, there are other diversity techniques such as frequency/time diversity, antenna pattern diversity, and polarization diversity.
Splitting
The process of creating more coverage and capacity in a wireless system by having more than one cell site cover a particular amount of geography. Each cell site covers a smaller area, with lower power MHz and thus offers the ability to reuse frequencies more times in a larger geographic coverage area, such as a city or MTA.
Sectoring<br