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③ lipid metabolism.
(1) to understand:

B. Saliva, gastric juice, intestinal juice
4. Process

1. Please answer the questions according to the following figure (CAI shows that when the church completed)
teachers can combine the materials P · 80 table Solution guide the students to remember: When we chew chew rice or bread, a long time would feel? We all know that the more chewing the sweet. Why? Because of food starch in the role of salivary amylase digestion into maltose. Will not digest all the starch into maltose it? No, no digestion of starch through the stomach into the small intestine, the pancreatic juice and intestinal juice in the digestion of starch under the action of enzymes into maltose, visible, slowly, the full number in the oral digestion, help reduce the burden on the small intestine, gobble, Huluntunzao bad eating habits. Maltose in the small intestine where pancreatic juice and intestinal fluid of maltose under the action of enzymes break down into glucose.
teachers to guide students to cite: intake of animal material from the outside water, inorganic salts, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and so on.
9. Understand the absorption of nutrients
(b) of the major and difficult process of learning and the target completion

(2) the c process is ____, organelles provide energy directly to the material is ____。
4. Listen to teachers, the summary, a clear change in the process of metabolism, and complete the exercises to be consolidated.
D. Intestinal fluid, bile, pancreatic juice

(a) knowledge of teaching points
a student may answer: make them into small molecules on the line.

(2) changes
2. Understand the liver's role in metabolism.
[b]
(2) three kinds of organic molecules to digest the situation.
⑧ What is the role of amino conversion? What does it mean?
③ What are advantages of extracellular digestion? (Students: digestion of food, amount and type are greatly increased.)

8. Understand the structural characteristics of the small intestine for absorption

(2) Understanding: carbohydrate metabolism and protein metabolism of contact.

2. Learning material digestion, absorption, metabolism, the process and the link between metabolism, training analysis, comprehensive capabilities.

Chapter III of biological metabolism metabolism II metabolism of animals

a, Quality Education

(b) the absorption of nutrients
1. Concept

(e) The writing on the blackboard design

students to think about the possible random among those: water, inorganic salts are small molecules or ions, through the cell membrane, may be directly used; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins are large molecules, not through the cell membrane, can not be directly used.
⑨ What is deamination? The course material has changed?

③ liver, skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis What is the difference?

A. B. Saliva Gastric C. Bile D. Pancreatic juice E. Intestinal juice

teachers paramecium and amoeba image display, and guide students to discuss intracellular digestion. It is the food in the food vacuole of intracellular enzymes in the digestive effect of the organic molecules into small molecules, and then into the cytoplasm, that is, first enter the cell through food digestion, absorption and utilization of truly being the cytoplasm, resulting intracellular digestion of the concept. Allow students to think about this approach is the original or the evolution of digestion? Students may answer than the original: the volume can not be compared because the food cell large, feeding is limited. Teachers can then ask students to digest more evolutionary approach that? Students will naturally think: is extracellular digestion. Affirmed the right of teachers and students prompted the body to digest food is extracellular digestion. Let the students read the P78 form.
four, teaching methods
(1) learning material digestion, absorption, awareness of the physical characteristics of motion and change.
amino
4. Interdisciplinary approach to training objectives
[/b]
VIII References
After the fat into the small intestine, starting from the duodenum into the bile under the effect of fat particles. Bile is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder into the duodenum through the bile duct, it does not contain digestive enzymes, but the role of lipid emulsion foods, making it into tiny particles, increasing the contact area with the enzyme, in order to facilitate digestion, the liver due to ill people often lack of bile secretion may hate greasy food. (Note that: anorexia, liver and oily food is not necessarily sick.) Then in the small intestine in pancreatic juice and intestinal fluid under the action of enzyme digestion of fat into glycerol and fatty acids.

(2) material changes in protein metabolism.

students generally can answer: digestion and absorption of excess glucose into stored fat can be the reason.

(2) by changing the icon positioning relationship between material, clearly different from the process of physical change and their interlinkages.
⑤ which of several sources of sugar?
3. In a test tube, add some vegetable oil, then add some sort of digestive juice, after the full oscillation, the tube placed in a beaker of warm water 37 ℃, several minutes later, the vegetable oil does not exist, and asked to join this digestive Which of the following a []
(b) Training for points
② oxide per 1 mole of glucose broken down into CO2 and H2O How much energy is released?
1. Students to read textbooks, training reading comprehension, inductive capacity.
through diagrams, the establishment of vertical and horizontal linkages between knowledge and thus understand and grasp the knowledge structure approach.

starch → glucose
2. Observation charts, the memories of middle knowledge, understanding the process of digestion and absorption material.

Teachers ask: How can use of these substances it?
2. Understand the concept of digestion
students in their own reading material for some P · 84 lipid metabolism, according to the ideas and methods, analyze, summarize, sum up.

2. To understand:
1. Understanding of the characteristics of animal metabolism

1 . The habit of naming digestive enzymes organs or digestive gland enzyme produced the name of + the name of the enzyme substrate + enzyme. Such as the secretion of pancreatic juice of pancreatic enzymes to digest fats called pancreatic lipase, more than all this.

③ mammals, the composition of the digestive system.

1. P · 85 in the two materials, 1.3.
3. Moral training goals

and then ask students to complete the textbook review questions of a P · 84, decomposition of food in the digestive tract can absorb nutrients into the process, called the ... ... (digestion). Further generalization of the concept formulation.
④ absorption of nutrients.

liver glycogen synthesis is called glycogen, glycogen synthesis of skeletal muscle is called muscle glycogen. Glycogen can be broken down into glucose in the blood, with the blood circulation throughout the body transported to, for the use of the tissue cells. Therefore, glycogen is used as a temporary reserve of energy. Muscle glycogen is used as energy source for muscle activity to provide energy.

4. Understand the composition of mammalian digestive system.
amino acids within the cell and which of the source?

through digestion, absorption of food ingredients can not be turned into the ingredients can be absorbed. Through the absorption of various nutrients into the blood and lymph, the transport through the blood to the internal environment for all cells can use.

4. Interdisciplinary approach to training objectives

(4) mammals place to absorb nutrients.

(2) to understand:

teachers on the guidance, the students individual activities, group activities and collective exchanges combined.

3. Moral training goals
7. Understand the place of mammals absorb nutrients

1. Knowledge and learning goals

2. Way

(containing peptidase, and intestinal fluid also contains protease.)

students by answering these questions, or thinking of these issues, the process of metabolism will have a deeper understanding of the new, so they painted the modified diagram, each team leader to team into the final projection projected onto the screen on the instrument platform, watch the class, each group presented amendments, one by one to be watching the contents of each group, the group that released the group's amendments to other groups to form a unified opinion and decided the best answer, One of the following: (projection) display

2. Training for target
6. Understand the concept of absorption
1. Reading materials, summarized the characteristics of animal metabolism.

(2) study the absorption of nutrients in food process, develop a certain clue to understand the material change.
④ place for mammals to absorb nutrients.
teachers to grasp the point, encouragement, and point out that these large molecules into small molecules that only can be used. The conversion process is generally carried out in the digestive tract. This process is the digestion process.
(c) Summary

3. Doubt
six, student design
② different ways to digest food digest what is in common? (Students: must have the role of digestive enzymes.)

(3) through the exercise to consolidate knowledge and understanding.
3. Master:
(d) interdisciplinary approach to training points
5, sense:

learning through diagrams, thus establishing the link between knowledge and understanding, acquire knowledge and methods.
(c) the process of metabolism

(2) digestion method.

2870 kJ students to answer, the teacher must be given immediately, and that the utilization of energy metabolism are also the same with the green plants, only about 1255 kJ of energy stored in ATP in the use of life activities for the rest about 1615 kJ, thermal dissipation of the form.

3. Lipid metabolism

(1) pancreatic juice, intestinal fluid, the role of the different protein digestion.
(3) d is achieved through the ____ function, h occurs during ____ completed, the resulting material is ____。 g

(1) study carbohydrate, protein metabolism, changes in physical movement training, linked views.
gradually show through the audio-visual media.
2 . The small intestine absorption area 5-6 m long adult small intestine, small intestine folds on many circular area of the small intestine increased to 3 times. There are 5 million mucous membrane around the small intestine villi, about 0.5-1.6mm in length, so that the small intestine to 30 times the absorption area, 10 square meters. Each villi columnar epithelial cell microvilli on the root 1000-3000, about 1μm, width of 0.1μm, the area has increased 20 times. The total absorption area of the small intestine increased by 600 times, up to 200 square meters. It is 100 times the body surface area.
2. Protein metabolism
[/b]
(1) source

five, teaching aids for

teachers to guide students to summarize the expression of: an amino acid is transferred to other amino compounds, the formation of new amino acids. What compounds transferred to it? Compounds containing carboxyl or organic acids.
teacher asked: contains a lot of protein and fat with very little feeding animals such as cats or dogs, animals are still accumulated a lot of fat, this is why?

1. Concept
memory cells to guide students to the knowledge of the structure and function, the answer: through condensation reaction, the workplace is the ribosome.
(1) material changes in carbohydrate metabolism.
In this way, students will have a metabolism process of further understanding.
seven teaching steps
(3) the structural characteristics of the small intestine for absorption.

intracellular digestion → extracellular digestion
show the image the human digestive system, teachers and students say the name of the various parts of the digestive tract and the digestive gland of the names and functions. Then ask students to read the P · 79 digestive system constitutes summarized form, a brief analysis of each teacher can then help the students understand.
teachers can analyze about: animals need a variety of amino acids, but the content of the food is uneven, and some too much, and some they may lack, through the amino-conversion effect, can be content in food larger and the excessive concentration of amino acids into the food shortage is too small and amino acids.
liver, excess glucose can be converted into glycogen being stored. The liver to maintain blood glucose levels are relatively stable, that is, absorption of nutrients into the blood with the blood after the first into the liver, blood glucose concentrations higher than 0.1%, the liver glycogen to glucose synthesis, temporarily stored; the physical, mental, etc. life activities of consumption leaving less than 0.1% glucose, the liver glycogen stored again into glucose, released into the blood for a variety of organizational needs. Thus, by the role of the liver, blood glucose levels can be maintained at about 0.1%.

(2) changes
C6H12O6 (glucose concentration = 0.1%), glycogen
4. Process
2. Difficulty: protein metabolism, changes in the material complex, students were not familiar with.

display images the digestive system, the students clearly observed after the small intestine is the longest section of the digestive tract. Then observe the material P · 81 Figure 26, the inner surface of the small intestine has many circular folds and villi, and villous columnar epithelial cells in the wall with one side of the membrane toward the lumen there are many small protrusions, called microvilli, which makes absorption area of 200m2 or more, about three classrooms so much.
metabolism including anabolic and catabolic, which at the same time, cross-cutting, complex process of change.

(1) the characteristics of animal metabolism.

2. Learning carbohydrate, protein metabolism, changes in physical movement training, linked views.

2. Textbook review questions of a P · 85, 1,2,3; II, 2.

(3) to strengthen food hygiene practices.
second class

teacher asked the students: what can directly be used and what can not? Why?

Learning the process of metabolism and their relationship to develop analysis and synthesis capabilities.

2. Training for target
(2) study the structure of small intestine for absorption characteristics, the structure and function to adapt the basic biology point of view.
① amino conversion effect, deamination concept
(3) control: carbohydrate metabolism and protein metabolism in the material changes.

⑦ by what tissue protein and enzyme reaction, synthesized the place for that?

① glucose in the blood (referred to as blood sugar) What changes can occur? Students are eager to speak, the teacher can randomly assigned students to answer × group × number, answered the leader after the other students may be supplemented or supplemented (the same).
teachers can guide students to observe teaching P · 81 Figure 25, clearly the stomach to absorb a small amount of water, salts and alcohol, the large intestine can absorb a small amount of water, inorganic salts and some vitamins, rest a lot of water, inorganic salts, vitamins and all three macromolecular organic matter digested in the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed. With absorption in the digestive tract that have the stomach,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], small intestine and colon, and small intestine is the main place to absorb nutrients.
let the students to read the last paragraph of material P · 81 (to P · 82 end), then teachers and students to summarize: the process consists of two consecutive: ① nutrients into the epithelial cells , nutrients through the membrane of epithelial cells in the way that free diffusion (eg, cholesterol) and active transport (eg, Na +, K +, C6H12O6, amino acids, etc.). ② nutrients into the blood, which there are two cases, part of the lipids first enter the lymphatic capillaries, then into the blood through the lymphatic circulation, all of the remaining nutrients are absorbed into the capillaries in the villi directly into the blood circulation.

3. Way to understand the characteristics of animal digestion.

Second, the teaching focus, difficult and doubtful and solutions

There are three changes: First, all organizations are directly used to synthesize proteins and enzymes; the second is formed through the conversion of new amino acids; third is broken down by deamination.

read, understood, method of teaching.

(b) of the major and difficult process of learning and the target completion

teachers should remind students to: pancreatic juice and intestinal juice contains amylase, maltase, but the process of protein digestion in pancreatic juice and intestinal juice containing no protease,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], intestinal fluid and pancreatic juice containing no peptidase .
② animal digestion method.

(2) student group discussions, collective communication, training and competitive spirit of cooperation.
by students to answer, debate, and then teachers and students to summarize, clearly: There are three types of change, it is part of the decomposition of glucose is oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water, and release energy for life activities; II is a portion of the liver,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis and other organizations; third part of the glucose into fat. Even if not a high intake of fat and eat more carbohydrate foods will get fat is the truth.

from three sources: First, absorption from the gut into the blood throughout the body through the transport, active transport comes from the internal environment; Second, protein degradation resulting from their own organizations; third is generated by the role of amino conversion .
show step by step through the audio-visual media.

1. Knowledge and learning goals

2. Place
⑩ protein metabolism in the liver do?
(4) the process of absorbing nutrients.

teacher questions: animal intake of substances from the outside what?
2. The following digestive juice (1) does not contain a digestive enzyme (), (2) starch-containing enzymes have (), (3) with a lipase (), 4. Containing protease with (.)

Ask students to complete materials for a P · 84 Review Questions 1. A variety of nutrients through the digestive tract epithelial cells into the process of ____ and ____ called ____( blood, lymph, absorption). Be summarized through the practice and consolidate.
(a) to digest food

protein in gastric juice in the stomach under the action of pepsin digested into peptides as part of a preliminary, some proteins into the small intestine after the action of trypsin digested into peptides, peptide peptidase in the role of the small intestine , finally digested into amino acids.

3. Readings, discussion, summarized carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism characteristics, and simple icons that out, group discussions, collective communication, the preliminary understanding of its metabolic process.
3-5 randomly selected teachers to answer students to understand their learning. Teachers can then tell the students: teaching materials are generally demonstration or explanation style, is the relationship between argument and argument, for example, diagrams, and data are all arguments, and argument is the conclusion we are looking for. Inspired by the students in general can quickly sum up the characteristics of animals is reflected in metabolism: metabolic process is complex, can not do without enzyme catalysis, metabolism, very fast.

3. Understanding of lipid metabolism.

(d) assignments

eight, reference

(a) clear objectives

(1) reading materials, training reading comprehension, inductive capacity.
1. Key: carbohydrate and protein metabolism.

II metabolism
Features:

show in the following table:

3. Place

seat nearest the way students divided into groups, each group 6-7 people, self-selected as a student leader and member of the group number, group discussion study.

1 . The role of amino conversion glutamate in the alanine aminotransferase (GPT) under the action of amino transferred to pyruvate to form alanine. Because content and GPT in liver cells, so people suffering from acute hepatitis, the detection of GPT in the blood are often outside the normal indicators index (normal index is 40 or so), because part of the damaged liver cells, so a lot of GPT into the blood.
students to read material P · 77, self-induction.

protein amino acid →

(1) the concept of digestion and absorption.
[b]

② the liver's role in metabolism.

(2) liver glycogen and muscle glycogen in the metabolism of the different changes.
teachers can combine the concept of digestion and animal cells in the body of material to guide students to exchange knowledge to understand: that all kinds of nutrients absorbed into the blood and lymph process, namely through the digestive tract epithelial cells into the blood and lymph process.
2 . Muscle glycogen concentrations to maintain stable blood sugar also have a role muscle glycogen in the oxygen or anaerobic conditions, produces pyruvate, under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate and further into lactic acid, if the lack of oxygen, all reaction can be inverse, lactic acid muscle glycogen re-synthesis. Lactic acid produced by the blood circulation away, or direct oxidation, or glycogen in the liver, the blood glucose concentration decreased, it can be transformed into glucose, thereby indirectly maintaining the stability of blood glucose levels.

② digestion of organic macromolecules of three cases.
and teacher questions: Why are rich in carbohydrates such as livestock feed, pig feed also enable it to grow fat on the fat?
teachers can guide students to analyze the answer: a lot of feed protein digested by the animal into a large number of amino acids, is absorbed by the blood transport into tissue cells. Because excessive number of amino acids by deamination, resulting in more non-nitrogen compounds, some of which stored in the body into the accumulation of fat synthesis.
three hours arrangements
(1) in a, b procedure enzyme ____。

(a) clear objectives

(c) Summary
with more than a lesson about learning and content, teachers and students to summarize: There are three aspects of liver function, first, bile, promoting fat digestion; the second is storage of nutrients; third is a detoxification function. The liver plays an important role in metabolism, therefore, the general physical examination should search
Students then observe and control their own understanding, identify problems promptly corrected.

2 hours.

first read the material P · 82-P · 84 the contents, the students ask each other questions, teachers, tour guide, Q &. Until the students to understand these changes to each student after the graphic representation of material between the synthesis and decomposition of relations and their relationship changes, and then group exchanges, individual success of each other and pointed out certain shortcomings, the final draft by the head of the Commission, Composite Panel that, pending class exchange.

(1) source

(1) student reading materials, group discussions, collective communication, identify problems, teachers and students to solve the problem.

(3) the composition of mammalian digestive system.

(3) amino conversion, liver, urea (4) sugar and fat

5. Digestion of organic macromolecules to understand the situation of three.
(5) carbohydrate metabolism and protein metabolism of contact.
fat → glycerol, fatty acids

[b]
Reference Answer: (1), pepsin, trypsin, intestinal peptidase (2) ribosome,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], ATP
first class

4. Solution
(e) The writing on the blackboard design
Please read the material P · 78 students in the first paragraph, the students formed is digested carbohydrates, lipids, proteins that complex structure of three types of nutrients, and is insoluble in water molecules, converting them to structure simple, small organic molecules dissolved in water to digest the concept of the process is.
A. Wei fluid, bile, saliva

teachers can emphasize: Saliva can make part of starch digestion, gastric juice can make part of the protein digestion, most of the matter is being digested in the small intestine. To guide the students to summarize: the digestive tract with digestive function are the mouth, stomach, small intestine, small intestine where digested food is the main site.

① Characteristics of animal metabolism.
(d) assignments

(4) f is the product of the representative ____。
C. Pancreatic juice, intestinal fluid, gastric juice
absorbed into the blood or lymph through the transportation of nutrients throughout the body can be achieved, can enter cells after various metabolic activities. These substances are what the metabolic process of change? What are the characteristics?

(1) to understand:

deamination is from the amino being down, down into parts and the nitrogen part of the nitrogen. Part nitrogen (N) into urea and excreted; in part, be involved in the nitrogen oxide respiration is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, can also synthesize carbohydrates and fat.

glucose (concentration 0.1%)

be basically completed the groups, teachers lead students to analyze, clear the following issues.
1. Carbohydrate metabolism

(c) Moral Education in point
④ glucose metabolism in the liver in what role?
1. Learn:

class Target (text), Paramecium and amoeba (image), the human digestive system (image), Comparison of digestive juice digestive enzymes contained in the table (table text), small intestinal structure analysis (image), carbohydrate, protein metabolism form solution (text), operations (Table solution, text).
seven teaching steps

Teachers can tell students: ammonia in the liver cells is converted to urea, liver seriously ill people prone to ammonia poisoning, the reason is due to liver cells to the function of ammonia into urea decreased This shows that the liver detoxification function.

1. Learning carbohydrates, protein metabolism process, to understand and master the process of physical change these characteristics and their relationship.

3. The structural characteristics of the small intestine for absorption

③ the structural characteristics of the small intestine for absorption.
3. Panel discussions and exchange of students and cultivate the spirit of cooperation and competitiveness.

a little guidance of teachers, students generally able to answer that: blood sugar from three sources: First, absorption of glucose after digestion of food into the blood; Second, the liver can break down glycogen to produce glucose released into the blood; three other substances into glucose metabolism transit into the blood, such as protein metabolism produced by deamination of non-nitrogenous part of the carbohydrates can be synthesized, it can be decomposed into Portugal and Sugar Sugar.

(refer to the answer: 2. (1) C; (2) A, D, E; (3) D, E; (4) B, D; 3.D. )
① digestion and absorption of the concept.
teacher questions: ① What is the evolution law digest mode? (Students: single-cell animal is intracellular digestion, lower multi-cellular animals have both intracellular digestion of extracellular digestion, higher multi-cellular animals is extracellular digestion. Teachers: that is digested by the cells evolve into cells external digestion)
1. For learning the structure of small intestine absorption characteristics, the structure and function of basic suited to biological point of view.

⑥ absorption of amino acids, which has several changes?
animal body metabolism, including food digestion, nutrient absorption, metabolism of organic matter from the process point of view, both assimilation, but also of alienation, and this is the same time two metabolic aspects.
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