mac eyeshadow palette The resignation of party and

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First, the powers and responsibilities clear and consistent responsibilities problems. management theory requires that each leading cadre powers and responsibilities are clear and the two corresponding proportionality. If the organization can do this design, the establishment of the resignation of the system to have the foundation. in the sole system (executive responsibility system) authorities in the application of the resignation of the executive heads of individual objects, the performance of the individual resigns; in the collegiate system (the Committee responsible for the system) authorities in the application of the resignation of the collective object of the Commission, showed resign. to China's administrative authority, the provisions of the Constitution and the Organic Law of the Government departments at all levels of government and its Chief Executive is responsible for the implementation of the system, that is, the Chief Executive has direct command and supervision of lower levels of power, he must be the fault of their own areas of responsibility responsibility. But the Government's actual operating mechanism of democratic centralism (essentially a limited personal responsibility), coupled with our lack of scientific job classification system, up and down, especially between the upper and lower boundaries of power and responsibilities between the boundary are vague, it is more difficult to accountability. It is precisely because the border is unclear responsibilities, coupled with the existence of nepotism, resulting in little real accountability in the political life of the party and government leading cadres of political responsibility. on China's judicial organs in terms of Court Organization Law, the implementation of collegiality trials (by a few to hear the collegial panel of judges), a simple civil cases, minor criminal cases and trials of cases otherwise provided by law for the implementation of a sole system (a judge alone trial). In addition, the courts have established the Judicial Committee, the meeting chaired by the president. Full Court and the Judicial Committee of the operating mechanism as with the executive authorities, the implementation of democratic centralism. Therefore,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the tendency of the administration of justice in China is very clear, the establishment of hospital length and the resignation of Vice-President of the trial system will further strengthen the tendency of the administration. It can be predicted that, due to trial errors which may result in pressure on the resignation of President and Vice-President is bound to interfere more and more Full Court of the trial, and further lead the court led arbitrariness, which the trial work of reform is the contrary. here's the basic problem is that Dean, the judges, the collegial panel, and judicial committee of their respective authority boundaries and responsibilities of the border that? judicial independence is means that the Independence of Judges? judge trying the case is still responsible to the Director of legal responsibility? Therefore, many legal experts believe that the resignation of the system is only a stopgap measure, the realization of judicial independence, on the other hand supported by effective supervision system, is root. can also be held accountable for their administrative responsibilities. The resignation is to take political responsibility for leading cadres as a form of resignation so established system, we must clearly define the party and government leaders must clearly identify themselves, external party, the image of state or government representatives, internal and those who are in charge of public power, should become public and public officials and law-abiding role models of moral leadership. If the behavior of party and government leading cadres not commensurate with the above requirements, then he lost the leadership to do the qualifications, are against the law and discipline, dismissal or expulsion must be given the punishment, not a violation of discipline and a Party and government leading cadres run the accountability system, we should pay attention to two undesirable tendencies: First, the lesser administrative punishment instead of taking the blame and resign, as a warning, demerit, demotion action rather than resignation; the second is replaced by the resignation of heavy administrative sanctions or criminal penalties, such as for a serious dereliction of duty or misconduct of the leading cadres should be given administrative sanction of removal from office or dismissed or given sentence, and allowed to resign, thus escape more severe punishment.

in modern Chinese, the generally refers to the resignation of the leaders to work due to their own negligence caused some loss or had a negative impact to take the initiative to resign from positions of leadership behavior, leader of self-accountability is a form of negligence. shall not be held liable, the leading cadres should resign.

Similarly, the resignation of the CPC Central Committee developed the system, not the legal responsibility of party and government leaders held the system, but pursue their political responsibilities system, but the resignation of party and government leading cadres and the reasons confined to resignation official system, expand the political responsibility of leading cadres one of the ways.
【Summary】 CPC Central Committee promulgated the Resignation is to take political responsibility for the party and government leading cadres of administrative responsibility or liability rather than a form, but it is hard to fully institutionalized. Political reform, building a democratic political culture, party and government leading cadres is to strengthen the political responsibility of the fundamental way out.
systematic problem analysis resignation
in capitalist country's political environment, the resignation is political officials (refer to political elections and the political appointees) rather than the general civilian A guilty act. The so-called self-blame, is the duty performance of political officials and their words and deeds of their self-assessment, that there was no serious breach of public duties or the words and deeds, and self-initiated accountability. self-critical manner usually have to apologize and the resignation of two. apology political officials perform their duties to their own circumstances or bad words and deeds publicly apologize to the public, for the public's forgiveness; resignation is the most severe form of self-blame, political officials, incompetence or serious breach of conduct the behavior of public opinion through public apology is also difficult to obtain the understanding, only to resign.
resignation of the political system is self-accountability system, its fundamental purpose is to strengthen the leadership cadres sense of political responsibility, self-blame and government leading cadres to promote the formation of behavior. From the theoretical perspective, the resignation of the establishment and implementation of the system need to pay attention to the following questions.

resigned from their leadership positions in the current behavior, not necessarily resign his post, which acts from the public sector. According to the different reasons for his resignation,

The resignation of party and government leading cadres of the system

- the perspective of a political liability
Liu Junsheng of Informal Administration of China University of Political Science Institute, Beijing 102249

political environment in China, little party and government leaders take the blame and resign. because of frequent accidents in recent years, people called for the prosecution calls for the responsibility of leading cadres risen, then the resignation of a society, academia and the focus of party and government organs. as enacted in 2000, Longgang District in the personal ability of leading cadres is not enough, their own misconduct or failures lead to a greater loss because of work or influence, should not continue in leadership positions, and a request to resign from the appointment and removal authority as the job acts as a self-blame. To take the blame and resign, party and government leaders should be given the appropriate administrative sanctions; for management in place, the bureaucracy or serious dereliction of duty, and lead to social influence, the nature of the accident poor regions, departments and administrative units have top leaders resign. its direct jurisdiction, because they do not perform or not perform their duties properly, resulting in a major work or have serious consequences for mistakes and must take the blame and resign. CPC Central Committee on the basis of these experiences, in the the resignation of government leading cadres of the system.
author believes that the resignation should be strictly defined different reasons, the resignation of leading cadres in the system of accountability mechanisms introduced to improve the responsibility system of party and government leading cadres. In addition to note that, to the former system is only the party's policy, rather than legal norms. cadre system and the degree of the rule of law is quite low to the resignation of the system in terms of the existing legal system, the resignation of leading cadres lack of substantive provisions, only some simple procedural rules. such as twenty-seventh article: a place above the county level people's congresses at all levels of the Standing Committee members and government leaders, President of the Court, Procuratorate, may apply to the level People's Congress to resign; General Assembly session, you can to the people's Congress Standing Committee submitted his resignation, which shall decide whether to accept the resignation. Standing Committee decided to accept the resignation of the people's congresses at the corresponding level for the record.'s Procuratorate of the resignation shall submit to the Attorney-General to draw on one's Procuratorate The level People's Congress for approval. township People's Congress Chairman, Deputy Chairman and township (town), deputy township (town) is long, the people's congresses to the resignation, which shall decide whether to accept the resignation. Therefore, How to quit the system of leading cadres into legal norms, and the responsibility of leading cadres to establish mechanisms for legal accountability, reform of the cadre system is an important part.

was ordered to resign Guidance Committee (groups) and organization (personnel) department under the Party and government leading cadres of the performance while in office,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], finds its assuming his current position is no longer suitable, and through certain procedures ordered to resign from the current positions of leadership behavior (refusing to resign, should be removed from the present job). based on If voluntary resignation for personal reasons including, but has this not to resign the leadership cadres, you can start the program ordered to resign, was not investigated at this time ordered to resign as a form of responsibility of leading cadres. If voluntary resignation for other reasons included or the reasons for the resignation but with the leading cadres of this situation is not offered to resign, the same procedure can be started ordered to resign, this time ordered to resign the responsibility of leading cadres should be held as a form. If especially because the responsibility of leading cadres in various acts of reasons, then, which started on the completely ordered to resign as a form of accountability.

resignation is the leading cadres of a political responsibility forms

Third, the resignation of the environmental pressure problems. resignation is a self-regulating system of accountability, the absence of environmental stress, it is difficult to leading cadres of the cadres do not and behavior of the free news media and other co-developed a monitoring network, the formation of such a monitoring network of officials to resign in a strong pressure on the environment. China is trying to regulate through the system, the resignation of party and government leading cadres of the act, but the lack of significant environmental pressure, only through the implementation of the cadre management agency oversight, it makes the system difficult to obtain the resignation of the expected results. The author believes that by expanding the depth and scope of public opinion, strengthen the people's congress supervision over leading cadres, to expand political participation of citizens, and expand direct election, the establishment of an open system of administration, supervision and other means to strengthen the democratic parties together to create a strong pressure on the environment, to discover the leadership cadres of the political environment, the establishment of the resignation of party and government leading cadres in the system, with a progressive, but the resignation of leading cadres is to strengthen the sense of political responsibility for the result of the political system of science and good political culture, the natural result of long-term operation is difficult to fully institutionalized. deepen political restructuring and building a democratic political culture, party and government leading cadres is to strengthen the political responsibility for the fundamental way out.
】【OF Liu Junsheng

resignation is due to the public because of his party and government leading cadres in accordance with the law or changes in the orientation of the CPPCC Constitution the people's congresses,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], CPPCC Standing Committee, or to resign from positions of leadership behavior. based on job change reasons occur due to the resignation of the leading cadres of public office for the management of procedural, basically do not have the meaning of accountability.

Abstract title】 aspect of party building >
party and government leaders to strengthen the institutional building of the selection and appointment, in July 2002, the CPC Central Committee in the the results of reform, formulated the From the perspective of political responsibility theoretical analysis.
resignation means the party and government leaders made serious mistakes at work, causing significant loss of dereliction of duty or bad influence, or a major accident has an important leadership responsibility is not appropriate to assuming his current position, I offered to resign from the leadership positions in the current behavior. resignation is clearly a form of self-blame, followed by the detailed analysis.

whether the resignation of accountability in the form
political officials in the formulation and implementation of public policy plays a key role, he must have a high degree of political responsibility, all the words and deeds responsible to the people. In addition, political officials and political responsibility is to determine who should be able to rationally make their words and deeds on the proper evaluation. political responsibility and political responsibility for the implementation of self-evaluation is held responsible political officials of the two internal condition, But the establishment of guilt on the basis of a kinds of pressure from two aspects: the constraints of power and freedom of opinion. held political responsibility is in itself political officials doubt the legitimacy of the exercise of power, the power constraints make the political officials in the exercise of public authority at the same time, automatically checks and balances of power play a role in correcting improper exercise of power. In addition, political officials are exercising public power entrusted by the people and perform their duties, the people have the right to monitor political officials, freedom of media to convey the voice of the people, causing mass resonance. power restricting freedom of opinion and political officials to the enormous pressure on the environment invisible. internal conditions and in conditions are fulfilled, it may force the political life in the real political responsibility and political officials. In short, resignation and political officials to assume political responsibility is a forms, the gambling, altered or falsified qualifications, tax evasion, to help children avoid military service, etc.).
voluntary resignation means the party and government leaders for personal or other reasons,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the current leadership to resign from their own job behavior. based on personal or other reasons needs to happen voluntarily resign to make a specific analysis of different situations. If the leading cadres based on their own health status, work or professional aptitudes, personal situation, practical ability to apply for his resignation for personal reasons , not with the meaning of accountability; leading cadres based on their own if the social morality, professional ethics, political speech, work style, work discipline, job behavior or defects in such areas for other reasons, to apply fault resignation may contain a the meaning of self-accountability, which has the meaning of resignation. Although the reasons for personal and other voluntary resignation of leading cadres are made to express personal wishes are, but the That is, voluntary resignation may become leading cadres as a form of self-accountability.
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